Multiple Meanings of the Chinese Character æ¥ (rì)

The Chinese character æâ€" ¥ (rà ¬) can be defined as day, sun, date, or day of the month. Besides being an independent character, it is also a radical. This means that æâ€" ¥ (rà ¬) is a component of other characters that often have to do with the sun or with the day. Character Evolution The character æâ€" ¥ is a pictograph depicting the sun. Its earliest form was a circle with a dot in the center, and four rays extending from the circle. The central dot has become a horizontal stroke in the modern form of this character, which makes it similar to the character ç› ® (mà ¹), which means eye. Sun Radical Here are some characters that incorporate the radical æâ€" ¥. Many Chinese words that include the sun radical are associated with daytime or brightness, but that is not always the case. æâ€" © – zÇŽo – early; morning æâ€" ± – hà  n – drought æâ€" ´ – xÃ… « – rising sun 明 – mà ­ng – bright; clear 星 – xÄ «ng – star æ˜ ¥ – chÃ… «n – spring (season) 晚 – wÇŽn – evening; late; night æ™  – zhà ²u – daytime æ™ ¶ – jÄ «ng – crystal æ› © – nÇŽng – in former times Mandarin Vocabulary With Rà ¬ The Chinese word for sun can also be incorporated into other vocabulary words and phrases. See this chart for a few examples: Traditional Characters Simplified Characters Pinyin English n w tin r complete darkness b r within the next few days ch shng r q date of birth gung tin hu r in broad daylight ji r holiday xng q r Sunday r ch sunrise R bn Japan r j diary shng r birthday

The s Organizational Behavior, Decision Making, And...

â€Å"A good man will obtain favor from the LORD; But He will condemn a man who devises evil† Proverbs 12:2 (Dake’s Annontated Reference Bible). This verse is the foundation of human behavior it can be either good or it can be evil it can be meant to help people or it can be meant to hurt people. Behaviors inside of organizations differ from organization to organization because people’s attitudes and faith have a lot to do with how people choose to act and perform their lives. This paper will talk about Entergy’s organizational behavior, the processes and structure of the company its effectiveness and any changes or innovations that the company is using and whether or not it honors our Lord. Processes For any organization to succeed it must have three processes including communication, decision-making, and leadership (Ivancevich, Konopaske, Matteson, 2011). The communication process is very important to energy as well as other organizations because it is what links people inside of the organization and allows them to meet the demands of customers. The last 2 years Entergy has discovered that its communication process is not where it should be and they have begun issuing quarterly surveys to help them determine where the link in the communication chain is. They are doing this so that they can improve their communication and find out where the message from the CEO is being miscommunicated and how to improve it. Personal performance reviews is one of the mainShow MoreRelatedHow Leadership Styles Are Interconnected With Cultural And Tradition Of An Organization970 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe how Leadership styles are interconnected with cultural and tradition of an organization . Organizational culture is â€Å"a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs†, which direct how people perform in an organization. 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Religion and Modernity free essay sample

Can it be truthfully said that organized religion is a barrier to modernity? In order to determine such an accusation, we must first try to identify how we define modernity as well as the role of religion in science and humanity. To think modernism means the present is a very narrow view. â€Å"For many Decades, modernization was depicted in social sciences as a broad series of processes of industrialization, urbanization and social changes through which modern societies arose. (Lu, 2011) For the purposes of this essay, we will try to limit the discussion strictly to the terms of modernity relative to science and the inequality of women. But why bring up religion in the context of mathematics and science? Because Science does not develop in a social and political vacuum. Imagine a world without the simplest understanding of the world that surrounds us. Without science, man may have never been able to navigate the seas, discover new continents, never developed beyond agrarian commerce, without cures for common ailments, electricity, telephones, and running water or with even the basic understanding of natural phenomenon. For example, in ancient times, thunder was seen by primitive people as God expressing his displeasure or showing his power. However, the scientific method has proven that lightning and thunder are caused by complex electrical processes in the atmosphere. Science and mathematics have provided the world with answers to questions and cures to deadly diseases and has touched the lives of every person in the world today. This clash between modernist thought and Christianity has produced centuries of â€Å"accusation, rebuttal and counter-accusation. † (Bogart, 2009) Famous sociologist, Emile Durkheim saw religion as a necessary institution which enabled society to function harmoniously and that religion provides stability by teaching and enforcing a definite moral code. Even with this admirable quality, probably few informed people would want to argue the point that the â€Å"bible and religious tradition has often been used to prevent people from pursuing certain avenues of self-expression† (Bogart, 2009) and to deter people from all sorts of activities. In the current view most would agree that it can easily be seen that basic scientific advancements have been beneficial to mankind and most would agree that without the developments in mathematics, and science, the world as we know it could never have existed but it was not long ago when he Christian church persecuted followers of science as heretics. Throughout history, the religious attacks on modernity in the form of mathematics and science is widely documented, forcing religion into a mostly defensive position. Even today, there are still scientific and medical advancements with potentially hundreds of life altering applications that keep religion and science at a standoff in the moral a nd political spectrum as well as in public opinion. In this essay, we will illuminate how organized religion has been integral in attempting to subvert modernity, from the development of mathematics and science in antiquity, the oppression of art during the Renaissance era, further suppression of secular education through the Age of Enlightenment, the ongoing battle for the rights of women and all of the way through the modern attacks on stem cell research, cloning, family planning and abortion. In as early as In 415 A. D. the last known head of the Department of Mathematics and Philosophy at the Museum of Alexandria, part of the Library of Alexandria, the female mathematician Hypatia was stripped naked in the streets of Alexandria with her flesh scourged from her body by Christian hands and fingers while being dragged to her final death by burning alive by fanatically enraged Christian Coptic mobs, inspired by the leading Christian patriarch, later canonized Saint Cyril of Alexandria. Hypatias invention of an improved astrolabe and her subsequent book Astronomical Canon, a table of star positions for navigational explorers, was subsequently in use by other intrepid sailors and explorers for the next 1,200 years, all of this in addition to her thirteen books on algebra and another eight on geometry. This atrocity was not the first time and definitely not the last time that the church would attempt to use its power and influence, to try and subvert scientific advancement. Only a few hundred years later, at the height of the power of the Catholic Church, another movement created a scapegoat for religious persecution. The intellectual movement called The Enlightenment is one of those rare historical movements which in fact named itself. Enlightenment thinkers and writers, primarily in London and Paris, believed that they were more enlightened than their compatriots and set out to educate them. Many enlightenment thinkers had the admirable belief that â€Å"human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, and tyranny and to build a better wor d. † (Brians, 1998) Additionally, â€Å"by celebrating the human race and its capacities they argued they were worshipping God more appropriately than gloomy priests and monks who harped on original sin and continuously called upon people to confess and humble themselves before the Almighty. † (Brians, 1998) While at the time, the â€Å"humanist†, the element responsible for the â⠂¬Å"enlightenment†, did not have an anti-religious association, there were a few that claimed that humans were like God, created not only in his image, but with a share of his creative power. They believed that painters, architects, musicians, and scholars were, by â€Å"exercising their intellectual powers, were fulfilling divine purposes. † (Brians, 1998) While, even within the church, there were notable Christian who pursued and promoted advances in mathematics, astronomy, medicine and science in general, the humanist notions of divine creativity and enlightenment went directly against the basic tenant of the Catholic Church of a single all-powerful, all-knowing, divine god. Because the church could not frame these tools of logic to the uses it preferred, they were afraid that this message could not only diminish the power so long held by the church over the daily lives of the people and over the monarchy and politics, but could cause outright revolt from the church as it had in before in Athens. With so much fear and apprehension, the church struck out on a terroristic mission to shame, humiliate and publicly murder those who could not be tamed. During this time of the â€Å"Inquisition†, trials of witchcraft flourished as they never had during the Middle Ages and thousands were slaughtered as examples at the hands of the church. For those who were so lucky to avoid the execution table, they still faced public humiliation, had their life works destroyed in front of their eyes and in some cases like Galileo, were forced into the infamous, unjust house imprisonment. Galileo Galileio, was one of the foremost scientific thinkers of his time, and his works have served to be the basis for the majority of astronomical work to follow. He uses the same logic the seamen had used, reinforced with observation to argue for the notion that the earth rotates on an axis beneath the unmoving sun. † (Brians, 1998) The Church objected to this idea because the Bible clearly stated that the sun moved through the sky and denounced Galileos teachings, forcing him to recant what he had written and beginning in 1633, under Pope Urbans p ersonal authority given by the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Inquisition forced him into house imprisonment, preventing him from teaching further. In this case, the Churchs triumph was short-lived, because while they were successful in silencing Galileo, they could not prevent the advance of science and astronomy. Some of the more caustic clashes between science and religion in modern history is the battle over stem cell research and cloning. â€Å"When news that Ian Wilmut and his team had successfully cloned an adult sheep in 1997, there was an immediate and ill-informed wave of public, professional, and bureaucratic fear and rejection of this new technique. † (Savulescu, 2008) Cloning is the process of multiplying cells and tissue to genetically replicate the host. Almost immediately, cloning of Human tissue was banned, but sampling of plant materials and various offshoots of the science have been allowed, such as limited cell regeneration and stem cell research as a means of treating or avoiding serious diseases. While this technology is a controversial issue, and few people have openly supported it, there are some important advancements that this technology could currently serve and endless possibilities that remain. For example, in agriculture, there are several advantages to cloning including yield, strength, and timing. A cloned plant can yield a thousand new plants from one parent plant. This means that farmers can produce more crops without a lot of seeds. In addition, cloning a plant means you can choose the best plants to clone. An entire crop of healthy, prosperous plants can be cloned from one strong parent plant. Lastly, cloned plants grow at the same rate, so harvesting can become streamlined. In reference to animal cloning, better breeding is a perfect example of the benefits of technology. In animal cloning, the best of the breed can be chosen as the clone subject. This means farmers can have the strongest or best producing animals on their farms. In the current world economy, and with a majority of the world stricken with hunger related problems, cloning could likely be the best option for countries with inopportune growing environments, or who have suffered from natural disasters, but several concerns about health issues and moral issues have stalled attempts to perfect the science. In addition to having multiple benefits in food production, there are also key benefits to the cloning of human tissue. The cloning of human tissues could lead to no longer needing to harvest animal organs to replace dead or damaged human tissue. In many cases, animal organs are rejected by recipients. In the â€Å"United States the discrepancy between the number of potential recipients and donor organs is increasing by approximately 10-15% annually† (Savulescu, 2008) Not only is there a shortage of human tissue, there are still the issues of incompatibility and the need for a lifetime of immunosuppressive therapy and serious side effects. With cloning, there could be abundant sources with near perfect capability. While there are several issues with cloning most notably those relating to the spiritual morality of creating or replicating human tissues. The movement to ban human reproductive cloning appears to draw strength from traditional religious beliefs. Religion is among the most powerful factors shaping attitudes toward human reproductive cloning and remains an influential force in human society, despite the secularization brought about by scientific progress, bureaucratic rationalization, and economic growth. Members of some religious groups, particularly Evangelical Christianity and Roman Catholicism, believe that a soul enters the body at the instant of conception, and that the fertilized ovum is in fact a human person with full human rights. † (Bainbridge, 2003) Another traditional function of religion has been to provide a set of metaphors through which people could think about their own psychological p rocesses. The Christian notion of an immortal, righteous soul offers hope in return for moral behavior and in regard to the cloning of human tissue, the assumption that clones would lack souls seems to be widespread. This worry is not limited to Christians, but also afflicts people in the broad tradition of Hinduism and Buddhism who believe that each being, whether human or non-human, is born with a spirit. â€Å"This spirit may or may not be a reincarnation of a previous spirit and that cloning will prostitute the natural evolution of spirits and life. † (Bainbridge, 2003) For many believers, the crucial quality of a soul is its immortality. In a sense, religion is the death business, and it cannot tolerate any technology that would take away its market. As we have seen throughout the readings, religion has a serious impact in the inequality of the genders and the subjugation of women throughout the world. In Sea of Poppies, Deeti made the difficult decision to abandon Kabutri with her family as the persecution she faced for her refusal to marry her brother-in-law, and then for the shame of disappearing with Kalua. Her village leaders meant to use religious law against her and to beat or kill her for her apparent indiscretions against morality. This example along with various other examples within Season of Migration to the North illustrate the plight of women in extreme religious societies. Particularly, the focus in the books centered around the Middle East and Islam. However, backward thoughts about women are not exclusive to the Middle East or to Islam. All major religions have a storied history of women’s subjection to men. It is not in all cases that women are beaten or shamed, in many cases the persecution is more subtle, but nonetheless ruthless. In religious history, across Christianity, Islam, and even Judaism women were and in some cases still are denied the ability to participate equally in religious ceremonies and rituals. In Judaism, there is a Jewish prayer that men say each morning. â€Å"â€Å"sh’lo asani isha†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ â€Å"that I wasn’t created a woman. † (Torah, 2012) That blessing is only one striking example of many where women are not treated or considered equal in Orthodox Judaism. In most synagogues women cannot be ordained as Rabbis, cannot lead prayer services for a mixed crowd, cannot chant from the Torah, and are discouraged from wearing traditional religious attire. However, Judaism is not alone. Even in Christianity there are direct references to the subordination of women to men. When researching the history of the Catholic Church, one will find that a doctrine against women has always been firmly maintained, and is so today, but not necessarily to the same extent. The Bible has many things to say indicating support of the idea that women are unequal and servile to men. From Genesis III and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee This is the first direct order of the subservience of women to men and that in Christianity, it is ordained by god that men bear rule over the women. Later in the New Testament, women’s subservience is mentioned again. ; all the wives shall give to their husbands honor, both to great and small he sent letters into all the provinces, that every man should bear rule in his own house (Esther, 2002) again like we have seen in all of our readings, women are valued differently and treated differently than men. Based on our readings women’s value is in the home as a servant to the husband and her opinions and thoughts are half of a man’s. As we have seen, the most visibly egregious and violent offender of women’s rights are fanatic Muslims. In Islam, rather than just being ignored and subservient, women were treated like slaves or property. Their personal consent concerning anything related to their well-being is considered unimportant, to such a degree that they were never even treated as a party to a marriage contract. In Islam, Women are needed only for procreation and are then discarded. Similar to the other faiths, the Koran has similar passages that diminish women. Men have authority over women because God has made the one superior to the other, and because men spend their wealth to maintain them. Good women are obedient. They guard their unseen parts because God has guarded them. As for those among you who fear disobedience, admonish them and send them to beds apart and beat them. † (Sura, 4:34) Furthermore, in some Islamic ruled counties, Women have no independence, cannot own property, are barred from employment and are not allowed to attend school and can be beaten or sentenced to death only for being seen I public, unaccompanied by a male relative. How can such intolerance and subjugation in the name of religion be considered peaceful or modern? It cannot. As in its dealings with science and modernity, organized religion stands united against progress. In the end, no one can claim that religion and modernity have been indifferent and unbiased towards each other. In addition and neither can it be implied that all the advocates of modernity were opposed to religion. â€Å"Dogmatic religious opposition is not rooted in technical or humanitarian concerns, but in a view of existence that is incompatible with scientific progress. There is no peaceful way to overcome such opposition, short of converting believers away from their strongly-held, literalistic faith. † (Dawari, 2012) On the other hand, it is not as if all the religious authorities have been opposed to modernity or have struggled against it. However, modernity has changed mans relationship with his fellowmen, with the world, and in some cases with the origin of the world. Scientific progress in many cases has served to debunk religious mythology in the eyes of some, while for others, it only serves to reinforce the idea of a higher power. Religious ideals are not bad or wrong. They are just many times wielded by those who wish to maintain power and control over the minds of people. Religious arguments about science will continue to rage as long a modern scientist attempt to understand the minute details of creation and to challenge the validity of a all-knowing omnipresent being. Likewise, in terms of slavery and oppression of women, religion continues to have a chokehold on the minds of many fanatic leaders who continue to brainwash youth into believing that it is gods will for women to be lesser creatures than men. Technological advancements and the distribution of their benefits has not been not equal and modernity has been slower to develop in some places more than others, but that does not change the fact that religion has directly challenged social and scientific progress at every turn. Some of the most basic scientific understandings likely may have not been possible if elements in organized religion had not been defeated. There are still many challenges ahead and it will take education and understanding to find common ground in the struggle against religious idealism and social justice. (2002). Esther. In King James Bible (pp. 1:20-22). Wheaton: Good News Publishers. Bainbridge, W. S. (2003, October). Religious Opposition to Cloning. Journal of Evoloution and Technology. , 13, 1-15. Retrieved from mysite. verizon. net/william. bainbridge/index. htm Bogart, M. (2009, May 25). Modernity vs Religion. Retrieved from Michael Bogart Ministries: http://mbogartministries. hubpages. com/hub/ModernityvsReligion Brians, P. (1998, March 11). The Enlightenment. Retrieved from Washington State University: http://public. wsu. edu/~brians/hum_303/enlightenment. html Dawari, R. D. (2012, 12 12). Imam Reza Network. Retrieved from Religion and Modernity: http://www. imamreza. net/eng/imamreza. php? id=429 Library of Congress. (2010, October 03). The Historic Conflict of Science and Religion. Retrieved from Relativity Calculator: http://www. relativitycalculator. com/conflict_science_religion. shtml Lu, D. (2011). Third World Modernism Architecture, Development and Idenity. New York: Routledge. Savulescu, J. (2008). Should we Clone Human Beings. In N. M. Ezell Shirley, Human Ecosyatems and Technological Change (pp. 417-428). Boston: McGraw Hill Learning Solutions. Torah. (2012). Torah The Five Books of Moses. In A. Simon (Ed. ).

Public Relations and Flight for Brand Value- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePublic Relations and Flight for Brand Value. Answer: Introduction Public relation is an expanding branch. It is essential to any business to gain more exposure in the market and gain credibility. Building a certain image, brand value, connections with the right kind of people and reputation in the market takes a considerable amount of time. This is where PR consultancies and companies play an important role. They help brands tie up with influencers and build a likable image in the market. While some small businesses might not be able to afford PR companies to manage their public relations, most large organizations and businesses indulge and invest heavily in outsourcing their public relations. While there are barely any down sides to having a PR company handle an organization's PR, businesses and employees must also realize there is only so much a PR company can do. In the present day, where technology has outgrown itself and every single human being has a smart phone camera, it is essential that one must put great though into their actions and behave responsibly. The case of flight 3411 is one example of a company facing extremely negative publicity due to the horrible actions of its employees. Errors on Part of Public Relations On the evening of 9th April, 2017 at around 5 p.m., passengers of flight 3411 were set to start their journey from O'Hare International Airport to Louisville. Little did they know about an incident that was going to occur shortly before they could even begin to fly. The flight 3411 had been overbooked. Although overbooking of flights happens all the time, what followed next was an experience no person would want to be a part of. As the flight was overbooked, passengers were offered to voluntarily give up their seats for which they would be compensated. The initial compensation that was offered was $400 and an overnight stay in a hotel. 4 passengers needed to travel to the destination the very next day. However, nobody was willing to give up their seats. Upon seeing this response united express decided to increase their compensation from $400 to $800. 3 out of 4 passengers complied and accepted the travel vouchers and the compensation. But there was still one spot left to be swapped. As no passenger in the flight was agreeing to give up their ticket, united Airways told the passengers that they would select a passenger randomly. The passengers were selected based on a combination of criteria spelled out in Uniteds contract of carriage, including frequent-flier status, fare type, check-in time and connecting flight implications, among others, according to United(Bacon, 2017). This however, did not work out very well. The selected passenger was Dr. David Dao. David is a 69 year old doctor who needed to be in his home town, the very next day as he was expecting to see some of his patients. The doctor revolted and told the crew that he would not swap his ticket as he had to be in his home town the very next day. Things heated up after his non compliance as the doctor refused to leave his seat. The officers however, handled the situation in an extremely disrespectful manner. The arguments between the passenger and the security officers soon turned into a scuffle. The fight led the doctor bleeding and unconscious. Security officers literally dragged the unconscious body of Dr. Dao through the aisle all while the passengers were recording videos on their smart phones. Publics increasingly use social media during crises and, consequently, crisis communication professionals need to understand how to strategically optimize these tools(Fisher, 2011). Upon seeing the situation take a violent turn, some of the passengers decided to board down from the flight. The security officers mishandled the situation gravely. This was aggravated by the PR team of United Airlines sending out different statements in the next 2 hours, leaving an even worse impression on the already dissed passengers. There are a number of things one can learn from the above scenario. Crisis management in relation to its effect on corporate reputation is what PR companies are needed for(Antonio, 2014). Learning Outcomes It is the job of a PR team to manage delicate situations smartly. Failure can result in serious harm to stakeholders, losses for an organization, or end its very existence(Coombs, 2007). However, in the above case scenario, things seemed as if they had gotten out of hand. Management of information and effective communication at times of crisis is of great importance(Ashcroft, 1997). Below are discussed a few points that can help in understanding what went wrong and how it could have been handled better. Communication by an organization during an organizational crisis is essential and often neglected(Sturges, 1994). PR experts in their reports have said that such a scenario was completely avoidable with a little bit of better management. This is what we call in crisis management creating your own crisis, said Eric Rose, a crisis management expert(Martin, 2017). Overbooking of flights is not a new phenomenon and happens all the time. There were a total of four passengers that had to travel from Chicago to Louisville urgently. Instead of randomly selecting passengers who had already paid for their tickets as well, the company should have increased their compensations even further from $800. Even after that, if no passenger would have been willing to swap, the company could have let the 4 passengers know about the situation. They would have lost four customers but maintained their global goodwill(CROWLEY, 2017). Within the next 24 hours after the occurrence of this incident, the CEO of United Airlines sent out 2 different statements. He only apologized for the fact that the airlines had to reallocate passengers while keeping mum on a due apology to Dr. Dao. All of this points towards the mismanagement of the situation by the PR team. Public relations experts say the CEO should have quickly offered an unreserved apology after a customer was filmed on Sunday being forcibly removed from his seat and dragged down an overbooked aircraft's aisle(Petroff, 2017). An extreme outrage from passengers and general public could be seen on social media after t after this incident. This led to bad publicity for the united airlines and with many such incidences happening in a short period of time before and after this incident, United Airlines is rapidly gaining bad publicity. What one can learn from this is that it is essential for PR teams to assess the complete situation before sending out statements as k nee jerk reactions. One must always be prepared for such situations. In addition, one must also know how to handle such situations tactfully. Soon after the incident occurred, the United Airlines reportedly supported the mishandling and misdeeds of their staff and tried to put the entire blame on Dr. David Dao. Such behavior is not only unacceptable but also affects the credibility of a company. While managing PR, it is essential to stick to facts and not try to put blame on the other party as in the case of flight 3411. After the passengers in the flight shared their recorded videos on social media platforms, the public soon got to know everything about the incident. By this time, it was too late for the airlines to take back their statements. This resulted in extreme negative publicity of the company worldwide. In addition to the above incident, there were many other instances reported by people where United Airlines was on the bearing end of allegations such as not allowing two girls who were wearing leggings to board the plane and another passenger who was bitten by a scorpion. In a world filled with a smart phone is e very corner, it is extremely difficult to hide ones wrong doings, or carelessness for long. The more a person is educated in public relations, the more she or he may value social media as a strategic communication tool(Wakefield, 2016). This results in effective realization of how social media can spread both negative and positive publicity like wildfire. Handling public relations is a tough job. One needs to be aware of the sentiments of the other party as well as the public in general. The statement issued by the CEO expressed no remorse for Dr. David Dao. The companys response including the chief executive saying the airline had to re-accommodate passengers hasnt gone down well(Smith, 2017). This hurt the sentiments of not just the doctor but a lot of other people as well. First, the United Airlines overbooked a flight and upon refusal from passengers, the crew and security officers misbehaved with a passenger. This not only shows how inefficient the airlines is in handling their day to day bookings, but also how horribly they treat passengers if they refuse to give up their seats. It is essential that companies understand and teach their employees to respect one and all and to handle complex situations smartly. After the airlines had already issued statements supporting the wrong doings of their staff and the general public came to know about what actually happened, the company reached a point from where it could not turn back. Therefore one must understand the implications of their actions. Conclusion Public Relations can sometimes be tricky to handle. However, one must ensure he or she is behaving respectfully and responsibly. The case example discussed above shows how imperative it is to understand the implications of ones actions. One can also comprehend how easy it is to avoid tricky situations that have the potential to turn volatile quickly. Instead of resorting to fore and violence, one must try to handle complicated situations by bringing all parties involved to a common ground. How one handles a companys public relations holds extreme importance. In the above case scenario, united airlines suffered extreme negative publicity due to their horrible treatment of their passengers in addition to their PR team being weak, impulsive and not effective enough. References Antonio, M. (2014). Crisis Management to Avoid Damage for Corporate Reputation: The Case of Retail Chain Crisis in the Baltic Countries. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 452-457. Ashcroft, L. 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